Physical manipulation of plant growth and structure in a particular way so that plants perform better. It includes different agricultural practices, such as staking, plant topping and pruning.

Common methods used to train plants include: support including staking, stopping, disbudding, thinning, pruning. 

The production of high-value vegetables and other horticultural crops in greenhouses and vertical farms. It allows farmers to grow cash crops on small plots in marginal, water-deficient areas where traditional cropping may not be viable. Also called protected agriculture or protected crop production.